One, progressively trend perfects policy of our country finance and macroscopical policy and 1.1995 years former finance situation mixes mature 　 　 the assessment of finance policy. The economy of the our country after reforming and opening is to last high speed grows, of finance income and expenses (budgetary) moving circumstance, basically be good, but also put in serious unbalance to mix labyrinthian. Finance moving circumstance can divide analyse for two phase: One paragraph is 1979-1995 year in all 17 years, the feature of this period of time is finance income and expenses occupies the proportion year after year of GDP to drop; One paragraph is 1996-2000 year in all 5 years, this period of time implemented active finance policy 1998 especially the following feature, it is finance income and expenses occupies the proportion year after year of GDP to rise. Finance policy can divide will analyse for 3 phase: One paragraph is 1993 previously; The 2nd paragraph is 1993 execute " double close " policy; The 3rd paragraph is the active finance policy that begins to execute from 1998. Income and expenses of our country finance looks from sheer number, annual be growth, it is the trend of a kind of sheer growth, and the speed of growth does not calculate slow, but because growth of finance income and expenses is slow before 1995 the growth at GDP, bring about finance income and expenses to occupy the fall of GDP proportion so, respectively by 1978 31.2% , 31.0% drop 1995 10.7% , 11.7% . Additional, will make an on-the-spot investigation from the with local schism budget central, central finance income occupies the proportion of countrywide finance income to reform eve at distributing tax system was 1993 22.0% , government spending takes this step in the center of the corresponding period the proportion of countrywide government spending is 28.3% , can say low cannot again low. So, where is the finance situation that how evaluates this period and finance policy? To the finance of this one period the situation can judge from the following respects: (1) from the point of budgetary finance income and expenses, because growth of budgetary finance income is slow the growth at GDP, in the meantime, government spending growth is rapid grow at finance income, on arrangement of income and expenses, be unable to deal with a situation, attend to one thing and lose another, the government disperses for financial capacity all the time and place of financial capacity shortage is perplexed, bring about finance deficit and debt dimensions finally to be increased ceaselessly. (2) will look from finance and departmental door concern, because budgetary finance capital is short of money, satisfy the communal need with departmental normal door hard, cannot satisfy the public investment of departmental door especially, then departmental door additional monarch paths, publish all sorts of collecting fees to mix in succession foundation project, extra-budgetary and subsequently and outside the system that come expand quickly. Governmental financing was changed dispersedly, the country is estimated oneness by dismemberment, departmental door replaced finance function, replaced financial to configure resource function especially. 3% what if budgetary invested to occupy whole society fixed assets only 1995,invest, can say to basically lose finance to invest the adjusting control action of dimensions and structure to fixed assets. (3) end with local finance the relation looks from which, because execute finance a system of payment partly in kind and partly in cash for a long time, finance income increment tilts to the place, the proportion that income can control to take all finance income in the center of drops ceaselessly, after branch tax system is reformed because achieve the central anticipation that centers financial capacity,the target still needs time, central finance also appears limp on the adjusting control of budgetary capital. (4) from the point of finance and bank concern, dweller deposit grows quickly, bank loan shows the trend that grows quickly, if orgnaization of of all kinds 1995 finance borrows money,growth specified number is equivalent to in those days 1.55 times of finance income. At that time as a result of finance especially central finance is short of money, and bank financing is abundant, the bank is then patulous business domain, replaced partial finance function, this is a kind of performance that finance function turns infirmly. According to above circumstance, rectify to administering 1993 the finance policy of this period is OK before the judgement that makes as follows: (1) although this one period ever also had formulated constrictive policy when a particular year with serious inflation, but saying from whole is to implement policy of outspread sex finance. Because outspread or constrictive it is to take up a political career for the relation between government office and enterprise and dweller, decrease duty to yield benefit to the enterprise, raise income level to the dweller, finance income occupies the year after year of GDP proportion to drop, the specification is outspread on the whole. This kind of outspread policy brought finance income and expenses to occupy the fall of GDP proportion, be driven however and sustained economic reform and economic growth, can consider as the necessary cost that pays for economic reform and economic growth and cost, but also brought inflation. (2) from door of Ministry of finance and director branch between and in the center of will look with the relation between the place, it is to implement the policy that distribute right, and it is transverse with fore-and-aft develop simultaneously at the same time " two-way " the policy that distribute right. The proportion that central finance income takes all finance income drops and of the income outside extra-budgetary, system expand, proved this is planted " two-way " the policy that distribute right. (3) from the point of finance and bank concern, it is it seems that " Shuang Song " policy, but financial " loose " it is empty, it is passive, and of monetary policy " loose " it is solid, it is active, can saying is monetary policy alone wood opens a season. Have couple of 3 kinds of judgement in light of, the result of policy is: Finance is right of the enterprise decrease duty to yield benefit, enterprise itself did not get material benefit, be mixed through collecting fees by director branch partly among them the form of fund was taken away, one part is passed salary, welfare and unidentified do not wait for all sorts of channel move to arrive in individual hand in vain, and the breach of company capital should extend by the bank unengaged loan will satisfy. Say from this meaning, the finance policy of this period, it is the policy of outspread sex finance that a kind of lack makes clear integral target. Because of finance income and expenses especially scope of central finance income and expenses is too little, defray structure reins is changed, be unable to deal with a situation, modulatory space or weak sex are very small, at best basically is contented " have a meal " need, have a meal to be not satisfied repeatedly even, and the main goal of the rapid growth that national economy grows at that time, basically be abdicate was assumed solely to monetary policy. Monetary policy tilts between growth and stability at growing, achieved rapid growth, brought serious inflation however. Say from this meaning, this two old macroscopical policy break away from the finance policy that any moment must coordinate cheek by jowl and monetary policy respective function, each does things in his own way, lack is coordinated in order and match. This is at that time a kind of concentration with market economy disorder order is behaved, also be policy of macroscopical adjusting control at the same time be not perfected and behave immaturely. Come true 2.1996 years " soft landing " the experience that gained processing inflation. From 1993 second half of the year begins, a variety of step are taken in the center of, consolidate the market energetically order and allot order, determined discontinue is built blindly and repeat construction to invest a project, clear all sorts of chaos collect fees random apportion, finance policy and monetary policy are executed " double close " policy. Quickened reform pace 1994, finance side implements minute of tax system and reform of industrial and commercial tax system, strengthen taxation to ask for a canal, bank respect accelerates bank system reform, execute policy bank and commercial bank depart, aggrandizement benefit restrains an orgnaization. Through " double close " policy and accelerate reform, administered inflation, came true successfully " soft landing " , the proportion that finance income held GDP 1996 also begins to appear the impetus that pick up. 1996 implementation " soft landing " , those who avoided economic growth " rise to fall greatly greatly " , this is the main experience that inflation of our country processing gains, the promotion that also is art of our country macroscopical adjusting control and perfect. 3. Active finance policy makes clear our country to macroscopical policy trend is perfected and mature. 1996 implementation " soft landing " hind, demand is fatigued and weak, expand change direction constrictive. Ought to say, what not was aware of constrictive situation in time at that time is austere, so " 95 " the program still decides a first job that controls inflation to serve as macroscopical adjusting control, execute measurable " double close " policy. On finance policy, requirement " 95 " during eliminate finance deficit basically, control national debt dimensions. But, below the requirement that did not increase considerably in revenue income, because defray is restricted rigidly, requirement budgetary reduces 10 billion deficit every year is accomplished hard apparently, carry out a result actually to finished booked compression constrainedly 1996 only target. Of course, everybody expects to domestic international economic situation happening changes in that way quickly hard at that time, but today look back on, this constrictive policy is malapropos. Accordingly, carry out the major transition that the active finance policy that enlarges deficit is finance policy from 1998, and the success of active finance policy, explained our country gained the experience that administers inflation already, also gained the experience with deflationary processing. Though these experience still are an abecedarian, but make clear our country macroscopical policy to the trend is perfected and had matured. Macroscopical adjusting control is macroscopical policy carry out, but learn and be being applied is an excellent art, we had mastered and can use this excellent skill neatly, this is a the most valuable experience that executes earnings of active finance policy to arrive. 2, finance policy (or deficit policy) change 　 　 of the idea 1. It is about discussing 　 of finance deficit problem greatly below planned economy system, the production of social reproduction, current, allocate and consuming everything is unite arrangement by the government, suit with this photograph, finance is to carry out all along evenly somewhat the guiding principle of balance. In traditional finance idea, finance deficit is regarded the peculiar phenomenon of the capitalist economy, it is socialist economy external things besides the body, although sporadic, also be economic job nevertheless temporarily error. Fall in system of our country planned economy in those days, the fact also is such, deficit is a few a particular year only appear, and classics government adopts measure in time to be eliminated very quickly. But the deficit of a huge sum that appeared of beginning 1979 when reforming and opening and later occurrence deficit of in successive years, this one objective fact tells us, finance deficit phenomenon is not so simple, this calls the great attention of academia and real department to finance deficit, began the discussion about finance deficit. The discussion of finance deficit problem and later of deficit policy carry out, what encounter above all is ideal change. The influence of the traditional idea that comes down as a result of planned economy heredity, people is used to a finance deficit regarding the phenomenon with peculiar capitalism as at that time, speak of finance deficit be like the power that has turn pale at the only mention of sth terrible, regard finance deficit as great scourges, finance deficit is peremptory the sensitive issue that becomes to contain political sex. Atmosphere of this kind of politics, severely fetters and handcuffs the thorough exploration to finance deficit. The monograph that did not study finance deficit for years at that time comes out, newspapers and periodicals is begun generally critically " deficit is harmless theory " , occasional has a few article idea that think some of concrete analysis, also be to contain its word, sex of strive escape politics this sensitive nerve. The development that unlocks pair of finance deficit is discussed, basically be Comrade Deng Xiaoping makes clear market economy to be not surnamed " company " also do not surname " endowment " later, natural finance deficit also is both neither surname " endowment " also do not surname " company " , the discussion ability of finance deficit problem is begun truly rise. 2. The change 　 of finance deficit idea but, theory discussion is one and the same, and ideal change is one and the same. We often are mentioned " traditional idea " one word, be opposite especially to finance deficit of deficit policy " scared " , misgive, detest even, this also is a kind of traditional idea. It is formed for a long time, have the parent of its history, it is problem of a valuation not only, and have morality, emotive element. What this active finance policy obtains is successful, a few speeches of Comrade Zhu 镕ji in different situation, give high opinion, also get academic group and numerous people at the same time approbate. This that is to say, policy of deficit, deficit, issueing national debt is not national economy " cancer " , also not be expedient, however a kind of of macroscopical adjusting control important step, this is the about-face of policy idea, have policy of macroscopical adjusting control impossibly also without ideal change perfect and macroscopical policy is applied to rise artisticly after maturity. Ought to say, this is a when our country carries out active finance policy to obtain more main experience that has long-term sense. From what implement active finance policy the process can see, this change also was to experience a process. Executive beginning, our country government alleges this is to draw lessons from Luo Sifu " new politics " experience, (below I should show policy of this active finance is to draw lessons from Luo Sifu not only " new politics " experience) . If say,be to draw lessons from " new politics " experience, have among them similar 1:10, at the beginning of be being carried out namely, still put to deficit policy heart scruple. Everybody knows, luo Sifu is not Keynesia creed person, the idea that taking classic finance balance however will execute new politics, carry deficit policy at the same time, still thinking as soon as possible to achieve finance balance at the same time. Obtained apparent effect to rescueing the crisis to 1937 from 1933, then immediately cut budget, result economy appears immediately atrophic, must restore afresh again new politics measure, luo Sifu is in carry out new politics later period, add get the indirect effect of Keynesia, just cast off those who balance finance idea to manacle. The process that our country implements active finance policy also is such, execute at the same time at the same time the heart is put scruple, do deficit to thinking as soon as possible to eliminate deficit at the same time at the same time, achieve finance balance, why this always is stressing active finance policy namely is a short-term policy, carry out before long public opinion bound emphasizes wanting as soon as possible to fade, this is " deficit misgive disease " expression, actually our country is the practice that adopts active finance policy, just eliminate this to plant gradually " misgive disease " . Actually, deficit and deficit policy are shift of policy of a kind of finance, with other finance method, cannot with absolutely good or absolutely bad will judge, put in the two sides sex of positive effect and negative effect, apply proper can produce positive effect, apply excessive can produce negative effect, lead to disaster even. The key is mixed in the skill that uses at mastering hold apply " degree " . 3, holding to financial to balance 　 financial integratedly to be in our country integratedly evenly is not what new idea, of planned economy period " 3 smooth " or " 4 smooth " theory is a kind of finance integrated balance is academic, namely the integrated balance of finance, credit, foreign currency and goods and materials, and it is later in reforming and opening when analytic finance deficit, some people forgot financial to balance a principle integratedly it seems that. So, talking about financial to be balanced integratedly now is not the idea with new what, it is the principle that holds to past finance to be balanced integratedly nevertheless. But what need points out is, current finance had new meaning integratedly evenly: It is, past is action of the decision since unified plan of the government, so finance is in " 4 smooth " in be a decision action " the old " , wanted finance to balance only, everything decided basically, change finance easily absolutely evenly consequently; Differred nowadays, it is the market has fundamental sex effect in resource configuration, finance income and expenses is governmental income and expenses, in national economy decision effect has no longer in moving, make up for the malfunction of the market however, must understand financial to be balanced integratedly afresh from the angle of market economy consequently. 2 be, in the past " 4 smooth " the equilibrium of supply and demand that academic policy target is goods and materials, the finance nowadays balances academic policy target integratedly is total demand and the balance that always furnish, finance income and expenses is a component of total demand nevertheless, finance is the partially balanced in social total equilibrium of supply and demand only evenly, so finance balance itself is not a purpose, adjust however a kind of method of total demand, achieve the goal of social total equilibrium of supply and demand finally. 3 be, economic main body can divide the market to be mixed for government, enterprise, individual external 4 branches, because finance income and expenses is governmental income and expenses, so the government can pass finance income and expenses to adjust to total demand play action, when total demand is less than total supply, can adopt outspread policy to spur total demand, can adopt constrictive policy to control total demand when total demand is more than total supply. Oneself are in early 1994 of chief editor " cameralistics " in the significance that ever played balance of finance balance and national economy gross to market economy undertook elaborating, elaborate this one principle again nowadays, policy of active to understanding finance still has practice sense. In national economic accounting, gross can list as follows evenly identity: C S T M ≡ C I G X... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (1) the income flow that the left delegate of 　 identity always furnishs, by C (consume) , S (deposit) , T (taxation) with M (import total) composition; Right represents the defray flow of total demand, by C (consumption) , I (investment) , G (government spending) with X (export total) form. This identity is understandable for: No matter economy is in why to plant condition, be in given inside period, the income flow that serves as total supply is identical at regarding the defray of total demand as discharge. All defray of the government, no matter be deficit defray or blame deficit defray, collect defray discharge and make total demand. According to identity (1) , we can list as follows the budgetary identity that describes finance deficit: G-T ≡ (S-I) (M-X) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (2) this identity left expresses 　 budgetary income and expenses balances a state, when G ＞ T, governmental budget occurrence deficit, when G ＜ T, have finance balance. The right of equality divides composition by two ministries, this two parts are two different account actually, s and I are account of deposit, investment, m and X are foreign trade often account. When S ＞ I, show the deposit that is not a government sector is more than investment, have balance fund, conversely, be not occurrence deficit of account of the deposit of the government sector, investment. When M ＜ X, commerce has profit via constant account, namely foreign trade favourable balance, conversely, criterion commerce appears via constant account deficit, namely foreign trade adverse balance of trade. This budget identity is understandable for: Classics of commerce of ＋ of surplus of account of deposit of finance deficit ≡ , investment constant account deficit. Solve Shi Qingchu to make the economic implication of this identity expression easier, we analyse to close only model economic circumstance. Assume: M-X=0, have G-T ≡ S-I... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (3) 　 namely this formula conveyed 　 of surplus of account of deposit of finance deficit ＝ , investment: The deficit of a branch is the balance of another branch. The government is estimated deficit, can be touched by the deposit balance that is not a government sector fill. According to the logic of identity, the addition of finance deficit, need not affect demand gross, because make up for the capital of deficit,can originate deposit balance of folk. Below this kind of circumstance, that one part of governmental much expenditure, be not that one part of government sector little defray just about. Accordingly, below this condition, deficit can embed with replacing the kind of defray total demand, and do not change demand gross. Our country is put in surplus of account of deposit, investment all the year round after 1990 (or call deposit -- investment breach) , begin or a few, consume demand from 1996 low after confusing, deposit -- investment breach is increased quickly, namely the channel that deposit translate into invests not free, social demand not flourishing, go against rapid growth of economy. Of active finance policy carrying out is to accord with this principle, it is a government invest deposit translate into through issueing national debt, spur social demand, stimulative economy grows. 4, the our country of successful experience 　 that active finance policy operates carries out beginning of active finance policy to ever alleged is to draw lessons from Luo Sifu " new politics " experience, but will look from the whole process that implements active finance policy, was to draw lessons from the United States in the round actually from 20 centuries the experience that nearly 70 years to century end finance policy carries out mixes 30 time lesson. But, the active finance policy of our country is not the experience of United States of copy word for word, what the international that combines China cheek by jowl however and economy move is actual, innovate somewhat again and develop. Carry out the huge success that active finance policy gains, those who show policy of macroscopical adjusting control is operated is agile and perfect, the art that masters macroscopical adjusting control is mature with each passing day, in the successful experience of this respect, can generalize at least give the following: 1. Exciting demand and improvement furnish to be united in wedlock, adopt enlarge government spending while stimulation invests demand, structural adjustment of economy of with a view to, pay attention to agriculture especially development and western big development. 2. Short-term effect and long-term effect photograph are united in wedlock, execute science and education to allow a country the strategy, big thrust progresses into science and technology, grow educational enterprise energetically, pay attention to technical innovation, develop property of new and high technology, drive an industry to upgrade, raise content of export goods technology, the change exports commodity structure. Promote current economic growth not only namely, and foster economic growth from long-term with a view to " inside natural disposition " . 3. Exciting demand and adjust allocate policy union, in raising town especially level of income of low income estate, solve agriculture, country and farmer problem energetically, raise farmer income level, enlarge home to consume the market, thereby the stability of demand of work up consumption grows a mechanism. 4. What execute outspread policy to must reduce tax without what pursue Keynesia creed is dogmatic, carry out energetically however " duty expends reform " , collect fees in disorder through clearing, random apportion reduces enterprise and dweller extra burden. 5. The adjustment of sufficient play taxation to economy action, urge investment and consumption, stimulative technology is innovated and export. 6. Use finance allowance and method of finance pay interest in the form of a deduction when selling a bill of exchange adequately, enlarging government spending while, drive the growth that the bank borrows money, develop to civilian economy " 39 batches of hoisting jack " diffusion effect. 7. There are tight finance policy and the monetary policy that there is a pine in tightening to close suitably in the pine, apply active finance policy to assure modest economic increase rate, apply firm monetary policy to make sure measurable money supplies, avoid inflationary resurgence and the aggravate that prevent deflationary climate. 8. Accurate judgement is domestic and international economic situation, adjust policy measure in time in time according to development change of the situation. For instance, be being adjusted this still begin from monetary policy, the effect that should see monetary policy is very faint, policy of the decisive finance that start; Beginning main goal is exciting demand, but change tone to very quickly warping aid structure, adjust distribute policy, pay attention to progress of science and technology and development education; Close attention economic situation develops, adjust policy strength in time, grasp the opportunity that fades stage by stage; Etc. (www.my-paper.info my paper)