Discuss to already rose to policy to choose arrangement via be being discussed by theory about communal financial in recent years. Each square personage speak out freely, offerred a lot of real knowledge and deep insight to communal financial concept and frame design, to communal financial is built in our country basic frame laid good theoretical foundation. But, still existing certain and main problem has not cause wide attention, it is the problem of what after all to public finance essence especially, people does not have how many understanding. Such, discuss to often appear too dilettante to communal financial, flow at the form. The article makes an assessment to current discussion innocently, want to be made to this problem only one preliminary discuss, with period the interest that arouses each to just make further research. One, market economy and public finance 　 want dug communal financial is substaintial, cannot leave the understanding of pair of market economy. Because public finance serves as finance category to develop the product of market economy phase, having substaintial connection with market economy. Feature of a of market economy principal institution is the diversity of decision-making main body, or say dispersive and decision-making. The first theorem tells welfare economics us, if the market is emulative,mix complete, and without exterior sex, so dispersive change balanced it is Pareto is businesslike. According to western economics assume the most basically: Countless manufacturers and consumer exist in economy, so go after oneself effectiveness through consumer the biggest change, manufacturer pursuit gain is the biggest those who change is dispersive and decision-making, can achieve whole social welfare the biggest change (of course, governmental principal part included in be being extended further, and its target function also is pursuit social welfare is the biggest change) . From politics meaning, disperse in market economy decision-making it is democratic and decision-making, consequently market economy also is democratic economy. After getting this one verdict, the value that the article changes the government in analysing market economy to existence and because of,move. The government in market economy is the child of the collective choice on dispersive and decision-making foundation. In an extreme, the buying and selling of private commodity and service basically relies on the market freewill dispersive and decision-making. And the presence that has the communal article with blame exclusiveness, emulative blame on consumption, ask to have stronger, more complex government, the preference that tastes to personal matter can pass place of mechanism of market price case to reveal, and the preference of communal article is shown in the market hard come, result, what a few article may produce is too little (for instance: Education and the income repartition to the poor) , and another some of article may be produced too much again (if pollution is mixed,commit a crime) . These communal article need to be offerred by the government. Somebody perhaps can raise doubt: We can pass the voluntary action of different form to handle communal article issue, produce more more businesslike, equal result. For example, we can cooperate build a road, make a few individual benefit, also can pollute the freewill market of the quantity through the change, collaboration reduces contaminative level. But voluntary action is faced with two catastrophe to inscribe, the sex that is communal article is inscribed questioningly, for instance public service may bring about " hitchhike " behavior, if close,built a road, but the use that be monitored feebly and controls this route, so someone else need not pay cost ground to use it; 2 it is to reach what trade with executive market to trade cost may be too high. Two issues are mutual and related, those who build a road close to be able to amount to an agreement probably, but if exclude the cost of someone else exorbitant, inevitable " hitchhike " behavior. Afore-mentioned difficult problem make voluntary action possible, but can not solve market malfunction problem on the whole. Go up objectively the requirement forms a government; Offer communal goods and have compulsive imposition and the power that issue a decree. But must be clear about, the dispersive feature of market economy tolerates impossibly the existence of an absolute government, and can produce a democratic government only. Because of the government mandatory influence is gifted by social community, it is the result of collective on dispersive and decision-making foundation choice, with will solve dispersive and decision-making all sorts of problems that solve hard. Broke away from collective democracy decision-making, governmental influence lost basis. If governmental action cannot get the people's support, criterion the day of governmental fall from power also with respect to by a definite date not far. It is more clear that this are met after introducing contracted idea. 2, democratic financial core is analysis of contracted arrangement preamble makes clear, the government is the result of collective choice on democratic and decision-making foundation. So, is democracy decision-making why be through planting the mechanism comes to those who control governmental policy? Further, is the government how offer communal goods effectively? This returns the basic idea in economics -- contracted. Bond is or a group of acceptance, party both sides is obligation with contracted fulfilling, gain behavior influence. The germ of contracted generation looks, the first germ is the collective demand that creates as a result of the society and hobby, social structure and stability; The 2nd germ depends on working specialization and exchange; The 3rd germ depends on alternative. Contracted essence depends on program future exchanging all sorts of relations between the party that process place produces. Market economy itself is a kind of contracted economy, below market economy all sorts of trading behavior is to pass bond to finish. In private article branch, generator and customer deal through concluding bond will come true. The basis is contracted, generator offers a product to consumer, obtain the cost that customer pays; Consumer is benefited from inside the consumption of the product, but should pay reward. If generator is offerred the product is simple second price is high, consumer can reject to pay and select other producer. Mechanism of market price case assured to be fulfilled contractedly. Same, branch of communal goods production also is existing government (generator) with the public (consumer) the bond between. According to this kind of bond, the government should provide communal product and service for the public, plan market fund for this need to public levy; And the public benefits from inside the communal goods that the government offers, but the price that should pay pay taxes. If the government cannot be the public to provide satisfactory public service, with respect to the support that can lose the public, if this government is an authoritarian and absolute government, manage a period possibly still (but also have limit) , if be to be below democratic system of government, this government will be abandoned by constituency place in the election. Consequently, can say what voting mechanism assured common bond to fulfill. If make the analysis of further development can see to common bond, it and private bond still are having very big distinction. Above all, the one party of the person that conclude of common bond is communal collective, single individual cannot change a government decision-making process, but, the public serves as whole, with respect to changeable government revenue and pay level, can change governmental finance system even. Below democratic system, the individual is in all moment are a potential participator, no matter he is participated in whether actually. Further, as a result of the interest conflict that the preference differs and creates, can try to solve through drafting reasonable voting regulation, make politics chooses to be able to accord with the interest of most person. Next, also be the most important, private bond is the bond of complete information normally, conclude both sides is very clear to the information of private article; And common bond is different, the government can carry out the effect to have more knowledge to policy than the public, for instance, the government is clearer those who build a road allocated funds to whether get be used effectively. This is existing rich of an order follow in a continuous line weichis (the dynamic rich below information asymmetry weichis) : The 0th phase, the public chose a government through polling; The 1st phase, the government implements a policy, allocate funds for instance build a road. The government is clearer this allocates funds effective. And the public perhaps cannot get this one information, although can get this one information,perhaps have some of person, but need to cost very big cost however, the accrual look that gets with its individual is compared and disagreement calculates (this also can calculate doing is a kind of exterior sex) . The 2nd phase, in year finance report system falls, the public was informed those who build road finally to allocate funds through governmental finance report use circumstance, pass cost - benefit analysis judgement allocates funds this to be used whether effectively. The 3rd phase, the public supports current government according to deciding to whether continue to the information of governmental ability, perhaps choose new government. New play chess of round of rich began again. In the 1st phase, when the government is implementing finance policy, certainly will wants a consideration: If this policy cannot be carried out effectively, so the public will be in after the 2nd phase is informed this one information the 3rd phase sends distrust bill to oneself, and if conceal this one information, can be faced with what be disclosed to come out bigger risk (the likelihood is lost forever mend one's ways opportunity) . Accordingly, although existing short-term information asymmetry, but best choice of the government still is to try hard to implement finance policy businesslikely. Pass course of play chess of this kind of reduplicative rich, more capable the government is picked to come out, this introduced competitive mechanism for the government, improved efficiency then. Here emphasizes legal effect even. Below market economy condition, legal system is the assurance that bond carries out. To common bond, legal system is the public is made come out, in order to makes sure common bond gets the tool that carry out. Legal system is not is the communal goods that offers by governmental institute, because the government also must abide by law. In process of above rich play chess, if do not have the regulation of system of governmental finance report, to the tie of governmental action the mechanism produces effect hard. So far, we had completed democratic finance the analysis of decision-making process. Can see from which, communal financial is decision-making main body, the government is on 　 expression, and be the public substantially. The government just is being carried out decision-making. The public is mastering communal and decision-making effective control power through election system and voting mechanism, pass what legal system assures this one mechanism to move. We can be clear that what communal financial essence is after all now. Alleged and substaintial, ought to be to be the same as main body close together and relevant. National allocation is talked think finance main body is a country, consequently finance essence is the allocation that gives priority to body with the country concerns. And the author thinks, public finance main body is in civilian, consequently communal financial essence is democratic finance, be have communal and decision-making activity for main body with people. 3, the finance of expressional 　 democracy in public finance regards democratic finance as communal financial essence, be not isolated existence, reflect however in communal financial each respects. Our country should build communal financial basic frame, the west is drawn lessons from in study in communal financial theory and practice procedure, should capture communal financial essence, will examine public finance afresh with democratic financial eye. Such ability acquire communal financial marrow truly, just also can hold right way when practice is applied. Democratic financial expression has the following bodies roughly: 1, the task that decision-making 　 democratic finance asks the government wants to always remember his well just carries out finance democracy communal and decision-making, and cannot exceed one's duties and meddle in others' affairs, what do oneself make for the public decision-making. Government not only should announce its budget and case of final accounting of revenue and expenditure every year to the public, accept the public to supervise; And when encountering major event, should explain to the public, let the public understand a situation, and of comply with public decision-making. Be in our country, the efficiency problem with decision-making finance is to flinching the one catastrophe of theory and real work is inscribed tiredly all the time. People offerred a lot of quota systems, the hope establishs the tie mechanism of pair of public policy efficiency, but do not have from go up at all solve a problem. The waste of all sorts of finance capital and the corruption that cause from this did not get effective keep within limits not only, and grow in intensity. Investigate its reason, basically be the vacancy of decision-making main body. The origin of finance capital basically is the taxation of public pay, and finance capital is cast to decision making authority is controlled by the government however, the public does not have right to speak, and governmental official lacks the drive that uses fund effectively, what this causes finance capital to use is inefficient. Return only politics at civilian, still counterpoise at civilian, major item by the public direct and decision-making, accept the public to supervise, this one problem ability is solved at all. Delectable is, our country has begun to have the attempt of this respect, for instance, the decision-making process of 3 gorge project passes person generation to be able to discuss ability a few times to be able to pass finally namely. Be like the reform attempt with the villager autonomy that beginning extensively now and urban community decision-making democracy again. 2, finance distributes right: Finance cent authority is the requirement with implementation finance decision-making democracy. If decision making authority basically still is centered at the center, why does local people talk the decision making authority of pair of place general affairs? From this meaning, the core that distributes tax system does not differentiate in defray attributive, more do not allocate in duty authority, and the move that depends on decision making authority, namely by administration decision-making change a place to the people decision-making. Our country begins to implement system of minute of tax system finance from 1994, administration to local transfer to a lower level defray decision making authority and partial taxation administrative power, but regretful is, the transfer to a lower level of this kind of decision making authority did not reach the designated position truly, in fulfilling local people hand namely, and in staying in local government hand only. This with respect to aggravate the abuse of influence. Although from theoretic tell local government to understand this locality people to be opposite more than administration the preference of communal article, but if local government does not have democratic finance consciousness at all, so how can it realize finance to be used effectively of capital again? The result is administration must call in afresh again decision making authority, this also does not have not not be a kind of rational choice. But if can solve a problem so, need not undertake this reform 94 years so. Since this also can serve as reforming and opening, money system of government is made " put chaos to close dead " a kind of explanation of the phenomenon. 3, finance competition 　 is in finance democracy is decision-making on the base that distributes right with finance, local government finance can develop competition, improve governmental finance efficiency then. Because ability of each district government is different, provide a place the level of communal article is different also, each district people can try to compare to governmental ability, poll through using a hand however (election) and " poll with the foot " (migratory) will choose best local government (the government that provides most and communal goods effectively) , this forms mechanism of a kind of competition between each district government, make its offer the communal goods of cheap of qualitative actor price, raise governmental work efficiency and finance capital to use efficiency then. 4, break analysis of above of 　 of forestall of door of official battalion headquarters to basically be centered on fore-and-aft cent authority, and in the horizontal stroke up, to public-operated sectional forestall also should reduce lowermost limit. The monopoly power of door of official battalion headquarters is not inherent, just have existence value as a result of communal need however. If this kind of communal need has disappeared, criterion monopoly power also ought to disappear. According to this kind of analysis, the monopoly power of the door of official battalion headquarters that our country exists at present a lot of be in can cancel. The private and postal service that expands increasingly now and the increasingly strong voice that break telegraphic industry monopoly reflected the public to be opposite the requirement that abolishs forestall of door of official battalion headquarters. The government must know soberly: Although the forestall of public-operated is in what economy grows to start,level once produced main effect, but the argument that this kind of contribution cannot make its surrive. Must devote oneself to smash up a monopoly actively, encourage civilian run. Also have only such, ability improves the management efficiency of these branches. (www.my-paper.info my paper)